Vocabulary+Building+In+English+I

VOCABULARY BUILDING IN ENGLISH I   By Cheda, nyna, ana, anis __ **EXPRESSING IDEAS AND OPINIONS IN ENGLISH** __

Some speakers may have a problem in **// expressing ideas //** or **// giving opinions //**. Usually these problems occur because we don’t know the right word to use. There are many ways to give your opinions when speaking English. The exact English expression you use depends on how **strong** your opinion is. Below are a few examples of words that we use to express our opinions: "I think…" "I feel that…" "In my opinion…" "As far as I'm concerned…" "As I see it…" "In my view…" "I tend to think that…" "I'm absolutely convinced that…" "I'm sure that…" "I strongly believe that…" "I have no doubt that…" "What do you think?" "What's your view?" "How do you see the situation?" Expressing ideas are not that far away from expressing opinions but they differ in the words that use to express one. You can go to the link below regarding some list of words that are use to express ideas:
 * Giving your opi **** nion neutrally **
 * Giving a stro **** ng opinion **
 * English expressions fo **** r asking someone' **** s opinion **
 * @http://languageinwonderland.blogspot.com/2009/11/list-of-word-use-in-expressing-ideas.html

Besides using words to express ideas, some use cartoons (or other media form e.g. cartoon strip etc- to make it more interesting) in order to send the ideas to the viewers. In example, recently, Animal Planet show the ideas of recycling etc through animals act (in video form). Here are a few links that lead to the transfer of media in other forms besides words,
 * @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8Ek3v1RBEU,
 * @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNtX3m9UajQ.


 * Below are some tips on how to express ideas or opinions (Go to the link provided): @http://languageinwonderland.blogspot.com/2009/11/tips-for-expressing-ideas-and-opinions.html
 * __ Derivations: Root words, Prefixes & Suffixes __**

[[image:wordpart_Full.jpg align="center"]]

 * List of Root Words:**
 * @http://languageinwonderland.blogspot.com/2009/11/list-of-root-word.html

** //Prefix and suffix are both part of affix// **
 ====** Affix ** : a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. Affixes may be derivational, like English //-ness// and //pre-//, or inflectional, like English plural //-s// and past tense //-ed//. ====

** Prefix **: an affix which is placed at the beginning of a word.

 * List for Prefix:**
 * @http://languageinwonderland.blogspot.com/2009/11/prefix-list_408.html


 * Prefix that shows number (Number Prefix):**
 * @http://languageinwonderland.blogspot.com/2009/11/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html


 Many words are made up of a root (or base word) and a prefix. Some words also have a suffix. 
 * For example, the root word //port// means //to carry// or //to bear//. Attach the prefix //ex,// meaning //out// or //out of//, and you have the word //export, to carry out//. Attach the prefix //im,// meaning //in// or //into// and you have //import, to carry in.// Attach the prefix //trans,// meaning //across//, and you have //transport//, meaning //to carry across//. Now let's attach the suffix //able//, meaning //able to be//, and you have //importable, exportable,// and //transportable.//
 * List for Suffix:**
 * []

** Example of prefix and suffix :**
 By learning the common roots and prefixes (and a few suffixes), you will be able to discern the meaning of many new words almost immediately. (However, do look them up for confirmation,ok! )
 * de: prefix for part.
 * ness: suffix for good.


 * Link for more examples on Prefix and Suffix**
 * https://www.msu.edu/~defores1/gre/sufx/gre_suffx.htm
 * @http://www.betterendings.org/homeschool/Words/Root%20Words.htm


 * Exercises**
 * [|www.personales.mundivia.es/emca/english4u/exercises/roots6.html]
 * [|www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/prefixex.html]
 * [|www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/words/spelling/wordbuilding/prefixes/quiz.shtml]
 * [|www.english.bavariasoft.com/exercises/prefix1.php]
 * [|www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/words/spelling/wordbuilding/rootwords/quiz.shtml]

__ Single Word for Phrases or Sentences __

** PHRASES **
Most phrases have a central word defining the type of phrase. This word is called the head of the phrase. Some phrases, however, can be headless.
 * Phrases** is a group of words functioning as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence. It acts like a noun. It can further be broken down into two shorter phrases functioning as adjective.

__ Types of phrases __
Phrases may be classified by the type of head taken by them: · Prepositional phrase (PP) with a preposition as head (e.g. //in love//, //over the rainbow//). Languages using postpositions instead have postpositional phrases. The two types are sometimes commonly referred to as adpositional phrases.

· Noun phrase (NP) with a noun as head (e.g. //the black cat//, //a cat on the mat//)

· Verb phrase (VP) with a verb as head (e.g. //eat cheese//, //jump up and down//)

· Adjectival phrase (AP) with an adjective as head (e.g. //full of toys//, //fraught with guilt//)

· Adverbial phrase (AdvP) with an adverb as head (e.g. //very carefully//)

Complexity A complex phrase consists of several words, whereas a simple phrase consists of only one word. This terminology is especially often used with verb phrases: "Complex," which is phrase-level, is often confused with " compound," which is word -level. However, there are certain phenomena that formally seem to be phrases but semantically are more like compounds, such as "women's magazines," which has the form of a possessive noun phrase, but which refers (just like a compound) to one specific lexeme.
 * simple past and present are simple phrases, which require just one verb
 * complex verbs have one or two aspects added and hence require additional two or three words

** SENTENCES **
As with all language expressions, sentences contain both semantic and logical elements (words, parts of speech ), and also include action symbols that indicate sentence starts, stops, pauses, etc. Sentences are generally characterized in most languages by the presence of a finite verb. Sentences are divided into two different components:
 * Sentences** is an expression to indicate a grammatical and lexical unit consisting of one or more words that represent distinct concepts . A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question , exclamation , request or command.

· Clauses A clause consists of a subject and a predicate. The subject is typically a noun phrase, though other kinds of phrases (such as gerund phrases) work as well, and some languages allow subjects to be omitted. The predicate is a finite verb phrase : a finite verb together with zero or more objects, zero or more complements , and zero or more adverbials. There are two types of clauses: //independent// and //subordinate (dependent)//. An independent clause demonstrates a complete thought; it is a complete sentence: for example, "I am sad." A subordinate clause is not a complete sentence: for example, "because I had to move."

· Complete sentences A simple complete sentence consists of a single clause (subject and predicate). Other complete sentences consist of two or more clauses. Sentences may also refer to a speaker's purpose in uttering a specific sentence, phrase, or clause. The four basic sentence functions in the world's languages include the //declarative//, //interrogative//, //exclamative//, and the //imperative//. The four main categories can be further specified as being either communicative or informative. **__ Communicative Sentences __**

Exclamative
An exclamative or exclamatory sentence is released because of, and expresses strong emotion. They are essentially unfiltered vocalizations of our feelings, and a form of self-talk because they are directed either at the speaker themself or at nobody in particular. In punctuation, an exclamative is ended with an exclamation mark. Eg: // Ouch, that hurt! // OR //I'll never finish this paper in time!.//

Imperative
An imperative sentence gives anything from a command or order, to a request, a suggestion, direction, or instruction. Imperative sentences are a little more intentional than exclamatory sentences and //do// require an audience; as their aim is to get the person(s) being spoken to to either do or not do something. An imperative can end in either a period or an exclamation point depending on delivery. Eg: // Look at me! // OR //After separating them from the yolks, beat the whites until they are light and fluffy.//

__ Informative Sentences __
Informative sentences benefit both the listener and the speaker, and require more interaction between both parties. They are more intentional, less rhetorical, and they intend to either provide or retrieve information. But perhaps the most differentiating quality that distinguishes informative sentences from the communicative is that the former show displacement. Displacement is information lost in time and space which allows us to communicate ideas in the past or future (not just the now), and that have taken or can take place at a separate location.



Declarative
The declarative sentence can be considered as the default function of a sentence. When a language modifies a sentence in order to form a question or give a command, the base form will always be the declarative. In most basic sense, a declarative states an idea for the purpose of transfering information to the receiver. In writing, a statement will end with a period. E.g. // Roses are red and violets are blue // OR //She must be out of her mind.//

Interrogative
An interrogative sentence asks question and ends with a question mark. Its function is to try and gather information that is previously unknown to the interrogator, or to seek validation for a preconceived notion held. Besides affirmation or negation, sometimes it is approval or permission that is sought as well, among other reasons one could have for posing a question. The one exception in which it isn't information that is needed, is when the question happens to be rhetorical. E.g. // What do you want? // OR //Is David gay?.//

**__LESSON PLAN __**

 * Activity 1: Sketch **

Activity 2: Drama **
 * Objective:** To see whether the student can express ideas or opinions on impulse without plan.
 * Steps:** Students is divided into a few groups. Each group is given a situation for them to act it out in front of the class. They need to express their ideas or opinions on the spot regarding the situation right there.

Activity 3: Mix n Match **
 * Objective:** To see whether the student uses the right word in expressing their ideas.
 * Steps:** Students divided into a few groups of four or five. Each group are given a topic. They are given 3minute to plan their ideas. Student are ask to start their debate( the word that they use is out most important).

Activity 4: My Phrases Your Sentences **
 * Objective:** To see whether the student know how to use prefix and suffix.
 * Steps:** Students will be given worksheet that have a list which is a mixture of prefix and suffix. Students are needed to match the list with the list of root words provided.


 * Objective:** To help the students understand and differentiates between phrases and sentences in a fun way.
 * Steps:** The class would be divided into two large groups. Team A and Team B, Team leader of Group A need to pick a theme regarding situation and places. In 5 minutes time, Team A would be required to construct a phrase of dependent clauses so that Team B could continue it. Team B would try to continue the phrases that Team A come up with and turn it into a complete sentences.